--- title: "Accounting and tax | VMAHUB" description: "Income tax, LCDPR, cash books, Funrural and controls for measuring rural profitability." canonical: "https://vmahub.com/en/blog/categoria/agronegocio/contabilidade-e-tributos" language: "en" source: "VMAHUB" --- [Home](https://vmahub.com/en) / [Blog](https://vmahub.com/en/blog) / Category / Accounting and tax Category # Accounting and tax **13** analyses in this category. Income tax, LCDPR, cash books, Funrural and controls for measuring rural profitability. [← Back to the hub](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/categoria/agronegocio) Category ## Publications in Accounting and tax . [← Back to the Blog](https://vmahub.com/en/blog) Accounting and tax ### \[Bare Land Value (VTN) in Brazil's ITR: how to reduce audit risk\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/valor-terra-nua-itr) Understand Brazil's VTN, excluded improvements and crops, municipal references, valuation reports and undervaluation risk. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/valor-terra-nua-itr) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazil's DITR 2026: deadline, who must file, documents and penalties\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/ditr-2026) Brazilian rural-property return for 2026: August 10–September 30, web filing, payment, amendment and late penalty. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/ditr-2026) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazil's LCDPR: who must file, how to prepare it and penalty risks\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/lcdpr-produtor-rural) A guide to the Brazilian PF farmer's digital cash book: BRL 4.8m threshold, bank accounts, farms, allocations and validation. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/lcdpr-produtor-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazilian farmer as an individual or company: which structure pays less tax?\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/produtor-rural-pessoa-fisica-ou-juridica) Compare PF and PJ farming in Brazil across income tax, payroll, compliance, credit, assets and profit distributions. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/produtor-rural-pessoa-fisica-ou-juridica) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazilian Funrural on sales or payroll: which option is better?\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/funrural-folha-ou-receita) Compare Brazil's rural social-security charge on commercialization and payroll, including 2026 rates, SENAR and annual election. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/funrural-folha-ou-receita) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazilian income tax for farmers: revenue, expenses and required records\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/imposto-renda-produtor-rural) How PF farmers calculate rural results for Brazil's 2026 IRPF return, including receipts, costs, investments and evidence. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/imposto-renda-produtor-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazilian rural cash book: which farming expenses are deductible?\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/despesas-dedutiveis-produtor-rural) Separate operating costs, rural investments and private expenses in the PF farmer's Livro Caixa and preserve audit evidence. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/despesas-dedutiveis-produtor-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Brazilian rural tax losses: how PF farmers carry them forward\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/compensacao-prejuizo-atividade-rural) How an individual farmer documents and uses Brazilian rural losses without confusing taxable result, accounting loss and cash flow. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/compensacao-prejuizo-atividade-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[CAEPF, eSocial and DCTFWeb for Brazilian farmers: how they connect\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/caepf-esocial-dctfweb-produtor-rural) Understand Brazil's PF rural registration, payroll, commercialization reporting, closing and federal social-security payment flow. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/caepf-esocial-dctfweb-produtor-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Cost per hectare, arroba or litre: measuring Brazilian farm profitability\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/custo-producao-rural) Separate fixed, variable and finance costs, create cost centres and compare rural margin by hectare, arroba, bag or litre. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/custo-producao-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Depreciating farm machinery, tractors and improvements in Brazil\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/depreciacao-maquinas-agricolas) Define cost, useful life, residual value and the start of depreciation for Brazilian farm assets while separating tax treatment. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/depreciacao-maquinas-agricolas) Accounting and tax ### \[Livestock, grain and input inventories in Brazilian agribusiness\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/estoque-contabilidade-rural) Control livestock, crops, inputs and work in progress across farms, document losses and reconcile physical and accounting records. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/estoque-contabilidade-rural) Accounting and tax ### \[Rural accounting in Brazil: a practical guide for farmers and agribusinesses\](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/contabilidade-rural) How Brazilian rural businesses should organize cash, inventories, assets, debt and operating results for compliance and decisions. Aug 05, 2026 [Read analysis](https://vmahub.com/en/blog/contabilidade-rural) Editorial dossier / 02 ## Useful rural accounting measures the season, the assets and the ability to decide. Compliance is essential, but it is not the full value of accounting information. Cash books, LCDPR records, cost documents, inventory, depreciation, contracts and banking activity must tell a consistent story about performance, assets and sources of funds. This track brings tax routines closer to management. It helps separate operations from ownership, compare individual and corporate structures, understand true production costs and retain evidence for filings, credit, reorganizations and succession. **13** analyses in this track 01 / 03 ### Decisions this track helps structure 01 ### Individual or company Compare tax, controls, governance, risk and ownership goals before choosing a structure. 02 ### Records and evidence Organize income, expenses, contracts and support so books and filings remain consistent. 03 ### Cost and profitability Measure margins by activity, crop or unit, including inventory and indirect costs. 04 ### Compliance calendar Coordinate rural, social security and tax duties to reduce errors and rework. 02 / 03 ### From reading to action Control improves when every figure can be explained and used in a decision. - 01 #### Organize sources Centralize invoices, bank records, contracts, production, inventory and asset movements. - 02 #### Close by activity Reconcile data and produce comparable views by farm, crop, cycle or profit center. - 03 #### Turn data into management Use indicators to plan cash, investment, credit and future tax choices. 03 / 03 · Integrated view ### The right number must arrive at the right time. Accounting connected to the operation reduces uncertainty, supports compliance and improves decisions. This track provides both the foundations and their practical applications. VMAHUB 360º ## Apply this analysis to your operation Next Step ## Ready to transform your strategy ? The team reviews the context you send and replies through the channel best suited to your case. **WhatsApp** [+55 11 91568-5570](https://wa.me/5511915685570?text=Hello%2C%20I%27d%20like%20to%20talk%20to%20a%20VMAHUB%20specialist.) **Email** [contato@vmacompliance.com.br](mailto:contato@vmacompliance.com.br) **Address** R. Alexandre Dumas, 1562 — Chácara Sto. Antônio · São Paulo / SP **Hours** Mon — Fri 09:00 — 18:00