Physical or financial CPR: which to use and what are the risks?
Compare product delivery and cash settlement, registration, collateral, maturity and enforcement.
Written by: VMAHUB Technical Team
Accounting and legal review: Vivian Sampaio
Published:
Last reviewed:
Direct answer: A physical CPR settles through delivery of the specified product; a financial CPR settles in cash under its stated index or formula. Choose according to economic purpose. Neither form automatically removes climate or price risk.
This article belongs to the Agribusiness category and the Rural Contracts and Credit track.
Practical framework
| Point | Physical CPR | Financial CPR |
|---|---|---|
| Settlement | product | money |
| Key risk | grade, quantity, delivery | index, value, liquidity |
| Evidence | storage, weight, receipt | calculation and payment |
Law 8,929/1994 governs requirements, security and registration/deposit. Check creditor, crop, quantity, grade, location, maturity, formula, charges, acceleration and collateral. Never sign blanks or an irreproducible formula. Preserve the final instrument, registration, reports, invoices, deliveries and calculations. Personal guarantees may reach assets beyond the harvest.
Risk and professional review
Do not sign, renew or acknowledge debt with blanks. Accounting must reconcile the agreement, documents, inventory, cash and tax; legal counsel should review authority, security, maturity, default and dispute resolution.
Frequently asked questions
Does physical CPR become financial automatically?
No; never assume conversion without valid legal basis.
Must every CPR be registered?
Check the statutory registration/deposit rule for the form and timing.
Does weather extinguish it?
Not automatically; contract, insurance and allocated risks matter.
Can a guarantor’s assets be reached?
Potentially, within the guarantee and applicable law.
Can CPR use FX variation?
Only under statutory conditions.
Official sources
Related: barter agronegocio, contrato venda futura safra.